The question
Snapshots of school quality are widely available. Trajectory (whether a school is improving, holding steady, or declining) is far more useful for predicting how it will serve a family's child over the next five years. Yet trajectory is rarely surfaced in school-rankings products.
This report identifies US public schools where state-assessment proficiency rose by 20+ percentage points between roughly 2017 and 2022, controlling where possible for changes in cohort composition.
What "most improved" means here
A school qualifies if its composite proficiency rate (math + reading/ELA average) on its state's native assessment program rose by 20 or more percentage points between the earliest and most recent years for which we have data. The window is approximate because state assessments were suspended during the 2019-20 and 2020-21 years for COVID; we use the closest pre- and post-COVID measurements available in each state.
What these schools have in common
The most-improved schools tend to share two things. A leadership change in the early part of the window (a new principal arrived 3-5 years before the measured improvement). And a deliberate curriculum change in reading or math, typically a structured literacy program in elementary, or a coherent math sequence like Eureka or Illustrative Mathematics in middle.
One factor that does not predict improvement: an influx of higher-income students. Cohort composition shifts can move the headline number, but the schools on this list improved even after controlling for changes in their FRL share.
Why trajectory matters
A school that has improved 20+ points in five years has demonstrated the capacity to change. That's rare. Families choosing between schools should weight trajectory roughly as heavily as the current snapshot.
Methodology
Sources: state-native assessment programs across the 50 states + DC, for the earliest available pre-COVID year (typically 2017-18 or 2018-19) and the most recent post-COVID year. Composite proficiency is the average of math and reading/ELA percent-met-or-exceeded across all grades. Schools with fewer than 30 students tested in either subject are excluded; schools that closed during the window are excluded.
